How to Achieve Uniform Sinter Quality
Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron in a blast furnace. During the iron ore sintering process in iron and steel manufacturing, sinter is created by mixing iron ore concentrate with several additives such as limestone and silica to control the chemistry and then igniting it at 1200°C in a continuous belt-fed furnace. The production …
Iron Ore Agglomeration Technologies | IntechOpen
Sintering is a thermal process (1300–1400°C) by which a mixture of iron ore, return fines, recycled products of the iron and steel industry (mill scale, blast furnace dusts, etc.), slag-forming elements, …
12.5 Iron And Steel Production
diagram of the iron and steel industry in Figure 12.5-1. Coke production is discussed in detail in Section 12.2 of this publication, and more information on the handling and transport of materials is found in Chapter 13. 12.5.1.1 Sinter Production - The sintering process converts fine-sized raw materials, including iron ore, coke breeze,
Steel Manufacturing | Sintering Process | Blast Furnace Process
Making molten iron into steel involves removing some impurities, such as carbon and Silicon. In other words, it has to be refined on this is done by blowing oxygen onto it. ... Sintering Process. Sintering is a key process of compacting and forming iron-rich material by pressure or heating without melting it to the point of liquefaction.
Formation of NO and SO 2 in the Sintering Process of Iron Ores …
Nitric oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are the major environmental pollutants being generated in the steel industry. More than half of NO and SO2 are emitted from sinter plants. Due to the catalytic effect of CaO in the sinter mix on the formation of NO and SO2, it might differ from that in the combustion of raw coals. In the combustion of …
LECTURE NOTES ON IRON MAKING SUBJECT CODE: …
2. An introduction to modern iron making, R. H. Tupkary, Khanna Publishers (2004) Course Outcomes After completing this course, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the physical and chemical processes that take place during iron making 2. Analyse the effect of change in process parameters in iron making 3.
Iron ore sintering
Abstract. Sintering is the most economic and widely used agglomeration process to prepare iron ore fines for blast furnace use. In this chapter, the sintering process is first described to identify the key steps of the process, that is, granulation and thermal densification. Discussion is then focused on the effect of the chemical, physical ...
Utilization of Biomass Pellets in the Iron Ore Sintering Process …
3.1 Impact of Biopellet on Sintering Temperature Profiles. Figure 3 shows the temperature profile observed during iron ore sintering process at different proportions of biopellet. With an increase in biopellet the maximum temperature within the sinter bed reduces. In the presence of biomass, the water content required to granulate the sinter …
Iron- and Steel-Making Process | SpringerLink
Iron is extracted in the form of metallic iron (Fe) by reducing the oxide ores with a reducing agent. The principal agents commonly employed to serve this reduction process are the naturally occurring forms of carbon such as coke, charcoal and coal. In order to extract the iron, Fe (55–60%)-rich ore is usually used.
Mathematical modeling of natural gas injection in iron ore sintering
Iron ore sinter, an iron-bearing material for BF iron-making, is utilised worldwide. A schematic of the NG injection technology is presented in Fig. 1.First, after being ignited by a burner, the coke/coal fines combust downwards and the sintering process between iron ores and flux occurs owing to the presence of a high-temperature …
Blast Furnace Ironmaking
14th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering. Haoran Li, Tong Qiu, in Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 2022. 2.1 Process description. The sintering process is an important thermochemical process in the blast furnace ironmaking system. It involves the heating of fine iron ore with flux and coke fines or …
Utilization of Some of Major Steel Plant Wastes to Produce Metallic Iron
The steel industry generates a significant amount of waste in the form of solid, liquid, and gas pollutants. The research aims to develop a suitable process that can convert these wastes into useful resources. The study focusses on utilizing the waste generated by the sinter plant, blast furnace and steel melting shop, which are the three …
What is Sintering? (A Definitive Guide)
Sintering, which is also called 'frittage,' is the process of forming a solid mass of material through heat and pressure without melting to the point of liquefaction. This process involves the atoms in materials diffusing across the particle boundaries and fusing together into one piece. Sintering occurs naturally in mineral deposits, and ...
Influence of Oxygen Supply in an Iron Ore Sintering Process
Influence of Oxygen Supply in an Iron Ore Sintering Process. July 2011. ISIJ International 51 (7):1065-1071. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.51.1065. Authors: Hj Kang. Engineering Co., Ltd ...
CHAPTER-11 FUNDAMENTALS OF IRON ORE …
sintering plant has become a tremendous success for providing a phenomenal increase in productivity and saving in coke rate to the blast furnace. The technology of sinter making has undergone radical changes both in operation and process throughout the world. High competitiveness amongst the iron and steel industries has forced the operators to
Influence of iron ore properties on dioxin emissions during iron …
However, considering iron ores are principal inputs for the sintering process, accounting for 90 wt.% of the sintering feedstock, the quality of the iron ores can significantly impact the PCDD/F ...
Application of deep learning in iron ore sintering …
The sintering process is an extremely complex industrial scene. As the main process of the blast furnace ironmaking industry, it has great economic value …
Iron ore sintering. Part 1. Theory and practice of …
Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be ...
Iron and steel industry emissions and contribution to the …
These compulsory standards cover all production process of iron and steel industry. In particular, for the sintering process (i.e., the most important process for emissions), the current standards are ambitious, with levels of stringency surpassing the previous standards (i.e., GB 16297–1996) by up to 91% and 60% for SO 2 and PM
CHAPTER-11 FUNDAMENTALS OF IRON ORE …
THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SINTERING PROCESS. In sintering, a shallow bed of fine particles is agglomerated by heat exchange and partial fusion of the quiescent …
Application of deep learning in iron ore sintering process: a …
The sintering process is an intricate system with a protracted process flow. The steps in the manufacturing line are primarily composed of the ingredients and mixing process, the sintering operation process, and the treatment of the sintered ore [39, 40].2.2 Important parameters and characteristics of sintering process. As shown in Fig. …
Its Processing and Application in Iron and Steel Industry
Limestone is also one of the vital raw materials used in production of iron and steel. Limestone, by definition, is a rock that contains at least 50 % of CaCO3 in the form of calcite by weight. There can be small particles of quartz (silica), feldspar (alumino-silicates), clay minerals, pyrite (iron sulphide), siderite (iron carbonate), and ...
Iron Ore Sintering: Raw Materials and Granulation
Abstract and Figures. Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is to obtain a product ...
Ore Sintering
Iron ore sintering is a material preparation process employed worldwide in the production of iron and steel. According to statistical data on pollution, sintering plants rank second in terms of toxic emissions, after the incineration of municipal solid waste (Menad et al., 2006; Remus et al., 2013 ). Of the eight CORINAIR (Core Inventory of Air ...
Recent progress in sustainable and energy-efficient
Iron ore sinter plants are energy-intensive components of integrated iron and steel production (see Table 1), where the iron ore fines (<5 mm) are converted into larger (>5 mm) lump sinter cakes with greater gas permeability, which are the most important burden materials for iron making in blast furnaces (BFs) [7].The main process is shown …
Recent progress in sustainable and energy-efficient …
Progress of renewable fuel substitution in iron ore sintering process is presented. •. Fuel/reactant gas modifications and process control techniques are …
Ironmaking and Steelmaking Processes
About this book. This book describes improvements in the iron and steel making process in the past few decades. It also presents new and improved solutions to producing high quality products with low greenhouse emissions. In addition, it examines legislative regulations regarding greenhouse emissions all around the world and how to control ...
Disposal of zinc extraction residues via iron ore sintering process…
Zinc extraction residue, a solid waste generated from the treatment of zinc-containing dust in rotary kilns, is commonly stockpiled in steel companies for extended periods. It poses significant disposal challenges and environmental pollution risks. So far, research on the treatment of zinc extraction residues has been slow, inadequate, and …
Iron Ore Sintering Process in Steel Manufacturing
Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron in a blast furnace. Sinter is created by mixing iron ore concentrate with several additives such as limestone and silica to control the chemistry and then igniting it at 1200°C in a continuous belt-fed furnace. Sinter feed composition control is important because the various sinter feed ...
Sintering: Most Efficient Technologies for Greenhouse …
The sintering process takes up approximately 10% of the energy consumption for an integrated iron and steel works. The heat consumed in the sintering process is about 33% of the total heat input to the plant, with about 49% released to …