Causes of phosphate stone formation and the importance of
The most important phosphates involved in urinary stone disease are carbonate apatite, brushite, and struvite. Overall, phosphate stones account for 12-20% of all stones, with a downward trend for struvite and an increase in carbonate apatite being observed in the last decade. The physicochemical basis for the formation of phosphate calculi is ...
Eating, Diet, & Nutrition for Kidney Stones
Uric Acid Stones. Limit animal protein. Eating animal protein may increase your chances of developing kidney stones. A health care professional may tell you to limit eating animal protein, including. beef, chicken, and pork, especially organ meats. eggs. fish and shellfish. milk, cheese, and other dairy products.
KIDNEY STONE ANALYSIS: How Bad is It? | Kidney …
Hi Dee B, Yes. Carbonate apatite is not rare in kidney stones and reflects an alkaline urine pH usually with high urine calcium excretion. You should get proper …
Nanobacteria: an infectious cause for kidney stone formation
Nanobacteria produce carbonate apatite on their cell walls. Data on Randall's plaques suggest that apatite may initiate kidney stone formation. We assessed nanobacteria in 72 consecutively collected kidney stones from Finnish patients. Methods: Nanobacteria and kidney stone units were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM ...
Urological Guidelines for Kidney Stones: Overview …
Calcium Phosphate Stones. Brushite and carbonate apatite are two different mineral forms in which calcium phosphate stones can appear; ... Kidney stone …
High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones implies infection, but
Those specimens designated as carbonate apatite (n=7) had on average a greater carbonate content (16.9±2.9%, P<0.004 by t-test). All 7 of the patients designated as having carbonate apatite stones also had a positive stone culture, compared with only 24 of the 44 designated as hydroxyapatite (P<0.05, Fisher's exact test).
A comprehensive look at kidney stones
Other stones are composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), calcium carbonate apatite, or a combination of the two. ... Other studies have found the association between kidney stones and ...
Nephrolithiasis
Stone composition: magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite ("triple phosphate") Chronic or recurrent urinary tract infection, anatomic abnormality of urinary tract (neurogenic bladder, indwelling prosthetic devices)
Kidney Stones: Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies
CLASSIFICATION OF KIDNEY STONES. The most common types of kidney stones are ... the permeability of colonic epithelium to oxalate. Treatment includes a low-oxalate and low-fat diet. Calcium carbonate supplements, 1.3 g three times a day with meals, and cholestyramine bind oxalate in the intestinal lumen. ... (apatite or brushite). Infection ...
HOW TO READ YOUR KIDNEY STONE LAB REPORT – Calcium stones
There will be three supersaturations: Calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, and uric acid. Inspect the ones related to your stone crystals. For calcium oxalate both calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate supersaturations matter. If calcium phosphate, that one matters most. If pure uric acid, it is uric acid supersaturation.
High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones …
In 51 patients in whom the carbonate content of apatite could be measured, carbonate in the apatite was weakly predictive of positive stone culture with an optimal cutoff value of …
KIDNEY STONE TYPES | Kidney Stone Program
Each kidney stone crystal creates its own unique illness and requires specific treatment. That is why we name stones by the names of their crystals and why …
CLINICAL SUPERSATURATION | Kidney Stone Program
Even so, the urine supersaturation of an active kidney stone former, whatever it may be, is too high with respect to the crystals in kidney stones forming. We need to lower it. ... 60% Carbonate Apatite. February 17, 2019 17 small stones passed right after stent placed in right kidney/ureter/bladder
Brushite: Key to Calcium Stone Prevention | Kidney Stone …
My recent kidney stone analysis is comprised of these components dated 7/21/2021; 1. 20% calcium oxalate (monohydrate and dihydrate) 2. 60% calcium monohydrogen phosphate dihydrate (brushite) 3. 20% calcium phosphate (hydroxy-and carbonate-apatite) one of my stones was 9mm. Any advise, help, or analysis would be …
Kidney Stones: Treatment and Prevention | AAFP
Infection-associated stones (struvite or carbonate apatite stones) Solitary kidney* Uric acid– and urate-containing stones. Genetic factors. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine. Cystic fibrosis.
Risk Profile of Patients with Brushite Stone Disease and the …
1. Introduction. Brushite and carbonate apatite are the most common calcium phosphate stones [1,2].Although brushite-containing calculi account for only 1.3% of all urinary stones [], brushite nephrolithiasis is characterized by a recurrence rate of up to 75%, which is higher than most other types of stones [].The brushite content of stones …
Types of kidney stones
Kidney stones which grow considerably large and virtually fill the kidney collecting system, resembling antlers, are known as staghorn calculi. These types of kidney stones are normally a composite of carbonate, apatite and struvite, and typically occur due to recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Bacteria that occurs as a result of such ...
Staghorn Calculus: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
The plural is calculi or stones.) A staghorn calculus is the name given to a branching kidney stone, and may form if you have repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs). If they form because of infections, they may be made of struvite which is a mix of magnesium, phosphate and ammonium. ... calcium oxalate or a mix of calcium …
High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones …
In 51 patients in which the carbonate content of apatite could be measured, carbonate in the apatite was weakly predictive of positive stone culture with an optimal cutoff value of …
Kidney stones | Nature Reviews Disease Primers
Kidney stones form when the urine becomes supersaturated with respect to a mineral, leading to crystal formation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. In this Primer, Khan et al ...
Kidney Stone Diet: 7 Tips from an Expert
Cereal. Bread. Soups. Pasta sauces. Snacks. 4. Add lemon and lime juice to water. Lemon and lime juice serve as kryptonite for certain types of kidney stones. They contain citrate, which both ...
i have carbonate apatite kidney stones. are these stones …
I have carbonate apatite kidney stones. are these stones diet related or from an infection? i cannot find a lot of info on this type of stone. ... The doctor told me I was passing a kidney stone and that if I were to have a fevor or pain to go back in cause it may be a sign of infection.temp 99.3?
Renal struvite stones—pathogenesis, microbiology, and
This group also reported a positive culture rate of 65% for stones containing carbonate apatite, leading them to conclude that if carbonate apatite is identified in the stone, it is likely that ...
carbonate apatite kidney stone | HealthTap
Which is better for bone health: calcium carbonate or calcium citrate? specifically, which one has a higher chance of causing kidney stones? 4 doctors weighed in across 2 answers. how are carbonate apatite kidney stones treated? and is a metabollic evaluation suggested? i have 6 stones largest is 4 mm: Evaluation: Treatment of kidney stones is ...
Kidney Stone Dissolution Therapy in Phosphate Stones: A …
These stones precipitate in alkaline urine (pH >7.2). Infectious stones are primarily composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate but may in addition contain calcium phosphate in the form of carbonate apatite. 2. Struvite stones are formed as a result of urinary tract infection with urease-producing bacteria.
Urological Guidelines for Kidney Stones: Overview and …
Calcium Phosphate Stones. Brushite and carbonate apatite are two different mineral forms in which calcium phosphate stones can appear; ... Kidney stone disease is a worldwide prevalent disease, and, due to various factors, especially diet- and climate-related, the prevalence across all ages, races, and sexes is showing an upward …
High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones implies
Those specimens designated as carbonate apatite (n = 7) had on average a greater carbonate content (16.9 ± 2.9 %, P < 0.004 by t test). All seven of the patients designated as having carbonate apatite stones also had a positive stone culture, compared with only 24 of the 44 designated as hydroxyapatite (P < 0.05, Fisher's exact …
High carbonate level of apatite in kidney stones implies infection, but
In 51 patients in whom the carbonate content of apatite could be measured, carbonate in the apatite was weakly predictive of positive stone culture with an optimal cutoff value of 13.5 % carbonate ...
Nutritional Management of Kidney Stones …
Kidney stone prevention should be individualized in both its medical and dietary management, keeping in mind the specific risks involved for each type of stones. …
